Privacy is broken down into four major areas: anonymity, unlinkability, unobservability, and _________.
Answer: psedonymity
Privacy is broken down into four major areas: anonymity, unlinkability, unobservability, and _________.
Answer: psedonymity
Answer: psedonymity
The ___________ Act places restrictions on online organizations in the collection of data from children under the age of 13.
The ___________ Act places restrictions on online organizations in the collection of data from children under the age of 13.
Answer: Children's Online Privacy Protection
A ______ handles the financial transaction for issuing the digital license to the consumer and pays royalty fees to the content provider and distribution fees to the distributor accordingly.
A ______ handles the financial transaction for issuing the digital license to the consumer and pays royalty fees to the content provider and distribution fees to the distributor accordingly.
Answer: clearinghouse
A(n) _________ may be granted to anyone who invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof.
A(n) _________ may be granted to anyone who invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof.
Answer: utility patent
The three types of patents are: utility patents, design patents, and ________.
The three types of patents are: utility patents, design patents, and ________.
Answer: plant patents
The right to seek civil recourse against anyone infringing his or her property is granted to the ________.
The right to seek civil recourse against anyone infringing his or her property is granted to the ________.
Answer: IP owner
The invasion of the rights secured by patents, copyrights, and trademarks is ________.
The invasion of the rights secured by patents, copyrights, and trademarks is ________.
Answer: infringement
The U.S. legal system distinguishes three primary types of property: real property, personal property, and _________ property.
The U.S. legal system distinguishes three primary types of property: real property, personal property, and _________ property.
Answer: intellectual
The 2001 _________ is the first international treaty seeking to address Internet crimes by harmonizing national laws, improving investigative techniques, and increasing cooperation among nations.
The 2001 _________ is the first international treaty seeking to address Internet crimes by harmonizing national laws, improving investigative techniques, and increasing cooperation among nations.
Answer: Convention of Cyber Crime
The most essential element of recovery from physical security breaches is ____.
The most essential element of recovery from physical security breaches is ____.
Answer: redundancy
A(n) ________ is a battery backup unit that can maintain power to processors, monitors, and other equipment and can also function as a surge protector, power noise filter, and an automatic shutdown device.
A(n) ________ is a battery backup unit that can maintain power to processors, monitors, and other equipment and can also function as a surge protector, power noise filter, and an automatic shutdown device.
Answer: Uninterruptable power supply
Noise along a power supply line, motors, fans, heavy equipment, microwave relay antennas, and other computers are all sources of _________.
Noise along a power supply line, motors, fans, heavy equipment, microwave relay antennas, and other computers are all sources of _________.
Answer: EMI (electromagnectic interferance)
Human-caused threats can be grouped into the following categories: unauthorized physical access, theft, _________ and misuse.
Human-caused threats can be grouped into the following categories: unauthorized physical access, theft, _________ and misuse.
Answer: vandalism
________ physical threats are more difficult to deal with than environmental and technical threats.
________ physical threats are more difficult to deal with than environmental and technical threats.
Answer: human-caused
An _______ condition occurs when the IS equipment receives less voltage than is required for normal operation.
An _______ condition occurs when the IS equipment receives less voltage than is required for normal operation.
Answer: undervoltage
Power utility problems can be grouped into three categories: undervoltage, overvoltage, and ________.
Power utility problems can be grouped into three categories: undervoltage, overvoltage, and ________.
Answer: noise
_______ threats encompass threats related to electrical power and electromagnetic emission.
_______ threats encompass threats related to electrical power and electromagnetic emission.
Answer: technical
_________ threats encompass conditions in the environment that can damage or interrupt the service of information systems and the data they contain.
_________ threats encompass conditions in the environment that can damage or interrupt the service of information systems and the data they contain.
Answer: Environmental
Physical security threats are organized into three categories: environmental threats, human-caused threats, and _________ threats.
Physical security threats are organized into three categories: environmental threats, human-caused threats, and _________ threats.
Answer: technical
_________ security, also called infrastructure security, protects the information systems that contain data and the people who use, operate, and maintain the systems.
_________ security, also called infrastructure security, protects the information systems that contain data and the people who use, operate, and maintain the systems.
Answer: physical
The _________ provides the most accurate evaluation of an organization's IT system's security risks.
The _________ provides the most accurate evaluation of an organization's IT system's security risks.
Answer: detailed security risk analysis approach
The _________ approach combines elements of the baseline, informal, and detailed risk analysis approaches.
The _________ approach combines elements of the baseline, informal, and detailed risk analysis approaches.
Answer: combined
Not proceeding with the activity or system that creates the risk is _________.
Not proceeding with the activity or system that creates the risk is _________.
Answer: risk avoidance
_________ is sharing responsibility for the risk with a third party.
_________ is sharing responsibility for the risk with a third party.
Answer: risk transfer
The level of risk the organization views as acceptable is the organization's __________.
The level of risk the organization views as acceptable is the organization's __________.
Answer: risk appetite
A(n) _________ is anything that has value to the organization.
A(n) _________ is anything that has value to the organization.
Answer: asset
A(n) _________ is a weakness in an asset or group of assets that can be exploited by one or more threats.
A(n) _________ is a weakness in an asset or group of assets that can be exploited by one or more threats.
Answer: vulnerability
The advantages of the _________ risk assessment approach are that it provides the most detailed examination of the security risks of an organization's IT system and produces strong justification for expenditure on the controls proposed.
The advantages of the _________ risk assessment approach are that it provides the most detailed examination of the security risks of an organization's IT system and produces strong justification for expenditure on the controls proposed.
Answer: deatiled
The use of the _________ approach would generally be recommended for small to medium-sized organizations where the IT systems are not necessarily essential to meeting the organization's business objectives and additional expenditure on risk analysis cannot be justified.
The use of the _________ approach would generally be recommended for small to medium-sized organizations where the IT systems are not necessarily essential to meeting the organization's business objectives and additional expenditure on risk analysis cannot be justified.
Answer: informal
The __________ approach to risk assessment aims to implement a basic general level of security controls on systems using baseline documents, codes of practice, and industry best practice.
The __________ approach to risk assessment aims to implement a basic general level of security controls on systems using baseline documents, codes of practice, and industry best practice.
Answer: baseline
The four approaches to identifying and mitigating risks to an organization's IT infrastructure are: baseline approach, detailed risk analysis, combined approach, and __________ approach.
The four approaches to identifying and mitigating risks to an organization's IT infrastructure are: baseline approach, detailed risk analysis, combined approach, and __________ approach.
Answer: informal
The aim of the _________ process is to provide management with the information necessary for them to make reasonable decisions on where available resources will be deployed.
The aim of the _________ process is to provide management with the information necessary for them to make reasonable decisions on where available resources will be deployed.
Answer: risk assessment
The term ________ refers to a document that details not only the overall security objectives and strategies, but also procedural policies that define acceptable behavior, expected practices, and responsibilities.
The term ________ refers to a document that details not only the overall security objectives and strategies, but also procedural policies that define acceptable behavior, expected practices, and responsibilities.
Answer: security policy
ISO details a model process for managing information security that comprises the following steps: plan, do, ________, and act.
ISO details a model process for managing information security that comprises the following steps: plan, do, ________, and act.
Answer: check
_________ is a process used to achieve and maintain appropriate levels of confidentiality, integrity, availability, accountability, authenticity, and reliability.
_________ is a process used to achieve and maintain appropriate levels of confidentiality, integrity, availability, accountability, authenticity, and reliability.
Answer: IT Security Management
In the classic __________ overflow, the attacker overwrites a buffer located in the local variable area of a stack frame and then overwrites the saved frame pointer and return address.
In the classic __________ overflow, the attacker overwrites a buffer located in the local variable area of a stack frame and then overwrites the saved frame pointer and return address.
Answer: stack buffer
Gaps, or __________ , are flagged in the MMU as illegal addresses, and any attempt to access them results in the process being aborted.
Gaps, or __________ , are flagged in the MMU as illegal addresses, and any attempt to access them results in the process being aborted.
Answer: guard pages
The _________ is typically located above the program code and global data and grows up in memory (while the sack grows down toward it).
The _________ is typically located above the program code and global data and grows up in memory (while the sack grows down toward it).
Answer: heap
_________ attacks can occur in a binary buffer copy when the programmer has included code to check the number of bytes being transferred, but due to a coding error, allows just one more byte to be copied than there is space available.
_________ attacks can occur in a binary buffer copy when the programmer has included code to check the number of bytes being transferred, but due to a coding error, allows just one more byte to be copied than there is space available.
Answer: off-by-one
A _________ value is named after the miner's bird used to detect poisonous air in a mine and warn miners in time for them to escape.
A _________ value is named after the miner's bird used to detect poisonous air in a mine and warn miners in time for them to escape.
Answer: canary
_________ is one of the best known protection mechanisms that is a GCC compiler extension that inserts additional function entry and exit code.
__________ is one of the best known protection mechanisms that is a GCC compiler extension that inserts additional function entry and exit code.
Answer: Stackguard
The __________ project produces a free, multiplatform 4.4BSD-based UNIX-like operating system.
The __________ project produces a free, multiplatform 4.4BSD-based UNIX-like operating system.
Answer: OpenBSD
__________ defenses aim to detect and abort attacks in existing programs.
__________ defenses aim to detect and abort attacks in existing programs.
Answer: run-time
__________ defenses aim to harden programs to resist attacks in new programs.
__________ defenses aim to harden programs to resist attacks in new programs.
Answer: compile-time
Shellcode has to be __________, which means it cannot contain any absolute address referring to itself.
Shellcode has to be __________, which means it cannot contain any absolute address referring to itself.
Answer: position independent
An essential component of many buffer overflow attacks is the transfer of execution to code supplied by the attacker and often saved in the buffer being overflowed. This code is known as _________ .
An essential component of many buffer overflow attacks is the transfer of execution to code supplied by the attacker and often saved in the buffer being overflowed. This code is known as _________ .
Answer: shellcode
"Smashing the Stack for Fun and Profit" was a step by step introduction to exploiting stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities that was published in Phrack magazine by _________ .
"Smashing the Stack for Fun and Profit" was a step by step introduction to exploiting stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities that was published in Phrack magazine by _________ .
Answer: Aleph One
A ___________ overflow occurs when the targeted buffer is located on the stack, usually as a local variable in a function's stack frame.
A ___________ overflow occurs when the targeted buffer is located on the stack, usually as a local variable in a function's stack frame.
Answer: stack buffer
Data is simply an array of _________ .
Data is simply an array of _________ .
Answer: bytes
A __________ can occur as a result of a programming error when a process attempts to store data beyond the limits of a fixed-size buffer and consequently overwrites adjacent memory locations.
A __________ can occur as a result of a programming error when a process attempts to store data beyond the limits of a fixed-size buffer and consequently overwrites adjacent memory locations.
Answer: buffer overflow
The firewall follows the classic military doctrine of _________ because it provides an additional layer of defense.
The firewall follows the classic military doctrine of _________ because it provides an additional layer of defense.
Answer: "defense in depth"
A single device that integrates a variety of approaches to dealing with network-based attacks is referred to as a __________ system.
A single device that integrates a variety of approaches to dealing with network-based attacks is referred to as a __________ system.
Answer: UTM (unified threat management)
Snort Inline adds three new rule types: drop, reject, and _________.
Snort Inline adds three new rule types: drop, reject, and _________.
Answer: sdrop
__________ anomaly watches for unusual traffic activities, such as a flood of UDP packets or a new service appearing on the network.
__________ anomaly watches for unusual traffic activities, such as a flood of UDP packets or a new service appearing on the network.
Answer: Traffic
_________ matching scans incoming packets for specific byte sequences (the signature) stored in a database of known attacks.
_________ matching scans incoming packets for specific byte sequences (the signature) stored in a database of known attacks.
Answer: Pattern
A ___________ makes use of both signature and anomaly detection techniques to identify attacks.
A ___________ makes use of both signature and anomaly detection techniques to identify attacks.
Answer: Host-based IPS
__________ protocols operate in networking devices, such as a router or firewall, and will encrypt and compress all traffic going into the WAN and decrypt and uncompress traffic coming from the WAN.
__________ protocols operate in networking devices, such as a router or firewall, and will encrypt and compress all traffic going into the WAN and decrypt and uncompress traffic coming from the WAN.
Answer: IPSEC
A ________ uses encryption and authentication in the lower protocol layers to provide a secure connection through an otherwise insecure network, typically the Internet.
A ________ uses encryption and authentication in the lower protocol layers to provide a secure connection through an otherwise insecure network, typically the Internet.
Answer: VPN
A __________ firewall controls the traffic between a personal computer or workstation on one side and the Internet or enterprise network on the other side.
A __________ firewall controls the traffic between a personal computer or workstation on one side and the Internet or enterprise network on the other side.
Answer: personal
Identified as a critical strong point in the network's security, the _________ serves as a platform for an application-level or circuit-level gateway.
Identified as a critical strong point in the network's security, the _________ serves as a platform for an application-level or circuit-level gateway.
Answer: Bastion host
The __________ protocol is an example of a circuit-level gateway implementation that is conceptually a "shim-layer" between the application layer and the transport layer and does not provide network-layer gateway services.
The __________ protocol is an example of a circuit-level gateway implementation that is conceptually a "shim-layer" between the application layer and the transport layer and does not provide network-layer gateway services.
Answer: SOCKS
An intruder transmitting packets from the outside with a source IP address field containing an address of an internal host is known as IP address _________.
An intruder transmitting packets from the outside with a source IP address field containing an address of an internal host is known as IP address _________.
Answer: spoofing
The ________ IP address is the IP address of the system that originated the IP packet.
The ________ IP address is the IP address of the system that originated the IP packet.
Answer: source
A _________ firewall applies a set of rules to each incoming and outgoing IP packet and then forwards or discards the packet.
A _________ firewall applies a set of rules to each incoming and outgoing IP packet and then forwards or discards the packet.
Answer: packet filtering
The _________ is inserted between the premises network and the Internet to establish a controlled link and to erect an outer security wall or perimeter to protect the premises network from Internet-based attacks.
The _________ is inserted between the premises network and the Internet to establish a controlled link and to erect an outer security wall or perimeter to protect the premises network from Internet-based attacks.
Answer: firewall
The __________ is the human with overall responsibility for setting the security policy of the organization, and, thus, for decisions about deploying and configuring the IDS.
The __________ is the human with overall responsibility for setting the security policy of the organization, and, thus, for decisions about deploying and configuring the IDS.
Answer: administrator
_______ are decoy systems that are designed to lure a potential attacker away from critical systems.
_______ are decoy systems that are designed to lure a potential attacker away from critical systems.
Answer: Answer: honey pots
The role of the muscle can be either _______, _______ , or _______.
The role of the muscle can be either _______, _______ , or _______.
Answer: Mover (Agonist), Synergist, Antagonist
Muscles are ______ and this energy is used to enhance force production.
Muscles are ______ and this energy is used to enhance force production.
Answer: Elastic
If a task is harder, we recruit _____ types of muscle fibers.
If a task is harder, we recruit _____ types of muscle fibers.
Answer: All
If a task is easier, we recruit mainly type ___ muscle fibers.
If a task is easier, we recruit mainly type ___ muscle fibers.
Answer: I
Distance runners have more type __ fibers and sprinters have more type _______ fibers.
Distance runners have more type __ fibers and sprinters have more type _______ fibers.
Answer: I, II (a and x)
Most muscle groups contain a ______ of fiber types.
Most muscle groups contain a ______ of fiber types.
Answer: Mixture
In order to optimize power, movements should be _____ max force and ____ max velocity.
In order to optimize power, movements should be _____ max force and ____ max velocity.
Answer: 1/3, 1/3
If moving something heavy, we must do it _______.
If moving something heavy, we must do it _______.
Answer: Slowly
Force and velocity are ______ related.
Force and velocity are ______ related.
Answer: Inversely
Shortened or lengthened muscles are not ideal for generating ________ because of the myofibril heads positions.
Shortened or lengthened muscles are not ideal for generating ________ because of the myofibril heads positions.
Answer: Tension
The ______ of a muscle affects how much force it creates.
The ______ of a muscle affects how much force it creates.
Answer: Length
Sarcomere length and muscle length have a _______ relationship.
Sarcomere length and muscle length have a _______ relationship.
Answer: Direct
As the length of the muscle elongates, the length of the ________ elongates.
As the length of the muscle elongates, the length of the ________ elongates.
Answer: Sarcomere (Length)
Penniform muscles produce ______ force than parallel.
Penniform muscles produce ______ force than parallel.
Answer: More (Type)
The bigger the _______, the more force produced.
The bigger the _______, the more force produced.
Answer: Cross-Section (Thickness)
There is constant communication or ____________ to change the amount of force or how many motor units are needed.
There is constant communication or ____________ to change the amount of force or how many motor units are needed.
Answer: Cross-Talk
If we recruit 100 of 1000 possible motor units, we are using 10% of ______ ______.
If we recruit 100 of 1000 possible motor units, we are using 10% of ______ ______.
Answer: Peak Force
The more force needed, the more ______ _______ we need to recruit.
The more force needed, the more ______ _______ we need to recruit.
Answer: Motor Units
Tetanus is also know as ________ ________.
Tetanus is also know as ________ ________.
Answer: Tetanic Contraction
We can't manually control our speed. Doing so requires special equipment like a ________ _______ that only allows movement at one speed.
We can't manually control our speed. Doing so requires special equipment like a ________ _______ that only allows movement at one speed.
Answer: Biodex Machine
Almost all dynamic contractions are also _________.
Almost all dynamic contractions are also _________.
Answer: Isotonic (Dynamic)
Isometric actions create tension but not _________; The force is not great enough to overcome resistance.
Isometric actions create tension but not _________; The force is not great enough to overcome resistance.
Answer: Movement
The Krebs/TCA cycle is the _____ part of aerobic metabolism while the Electron Transport Chain is the ____ part.
The Krebs/TCA cycle is the _____ part of aerobic metabolism while the Electron Transport Chain is the ____ part.
Answer: 1st, 2nd
The aerobic metabolism pathways can begin with either lipid, carbohydrate, or protein that is converted to _____________.
The aerobic metabolism pathways can begin with either lipid, carbohydrate, or protein that is converted to _____________.
Answer: Acetyl CoA
One minute of use of glycolysis causes lactate to _____ exercise and produce _______.
One minute of use of glycolysis causes lactate to _____ exercise and produce _______.
Answer: Slow, Soreness
All ways to produce ATP are through ______ _______.
All ways to produce ATP are through ______ _______.
Answer: Chemical Reactions
The energy for cells to do work comes from ____, _____, and _______.
The energy for cells to do work comes from ____, _____, and _______.
Answer: Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Lipids
To continue the contraction cycle, there must be a ______ ______.
To continue the contraction cycle, there must be a ______ ______.
Answer: Neural Stimulation
Every muscle fiber is innervated by exactly _____ motor neuron.
Every muscle fiber is innervated by exactly _____ motor neuron.
Answer: One
There may be hundreds or ______ of motor units in a muscle.
There may be hundreds or ______ of motor units in a muscle.
Answer: Thousands
Muscles are typically relaxed and must be _______ to contract.
Muscles are typically relaxed and must be _______ to contract.
Answer: Signaled
A Japanese therapy designed to help clients discover personal guilt for having been ungrateful and troublesome to others and to develop gratitude toward those who have helped them is known as ____.
A Japanese therapy designed to help clients discover personal guilt for having been ungrateful and troublesome to others and to develop gratitude toward those who have helped them is known as ____.
a. Kyoto therapy
b. Okado therapy
c. Naikan therapy
d. Nissan therapy
Answer: c. Naikan therapy
ECT is used primarily to treat ____.
ECT is used primarily to treat ____.
a. phobias
b. conduct disorders
c. severe depression
d. schizophrenia
Answer: c. schizophrenia
In electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), ______.
In electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), ______.
a. current is never applied to the left hemisphere
b. convulsions activate the central and peripheral nervous systems, stimulate hormone and neurotransmitter release, and change the blood-brain barrier
c. convulsions are extremely painful long lasting
d. most patient today receive hundreds of treatments because it is safer than in the past
Answer: b. convulsions activate the central and peripheral nervous systems, stimulate hormone and neurotransmitter release, and change the blood-brain barrier
The effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs is thought to result primarily from blockage of ____ receptors.
The effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs is thought to result primarily from blockage of ____ receptors.
a. serotonin
b. dopamine
c. epinephrine
d. all of these options
Answer: b. dopamine
The dramatic reduction in the number of hospitalized patients today compared to past decades is primarily attributable to ____.
The dramatic reduction in the number of hospitalized patients today compared to past decades is primarily attributable to ____.
a. biomedical therapy
b. psychoanalysis
c. psychosurgery
d. drug therapy
Answer: d. drug therapy
In behavior therapy, ____ techniques use shaping and reinforcement to increase adaptive behaviors.
In behavior therapy, ____ techniques use shaping and reinforcement to increase adaptive behaviors.
a. classical conditioning
b. modeling
c. operant conditioning
d. social learning
Answer: c. operant conditioning
A group of techniques used to change maladaptive behaviors is known as ____.
A group of techniques used to change maladaptive behaviors is known as ____.
Answer: behavior therapy
____ treats the family as a unit, and members work together to solve problems.
____ treats the family as a unit, and members work together to solve problems.
a. aversion therapy
b. an encounter group
c. a self-help group
d. family therapy
Answer: d. family therapy
In ____, multiple people meet together to work toward therapeutic goals.
In ____, multiple people meet together to work toward therapeutic goals.
Answer: group therapy
Using Beck's four destructive thought patterns associated with depression, label the following thoughts:
Using Beck's four destructive thought patterns associated with depression, label the following thoughts:
a. Mary left me, and I'll never fall in love again. I'll always be alone.
b. My ex-spouse is an evil monster, and our entire marriage was a sham.
Answer:
a. magnification
b. all-or-nothing
Cognitive therapists assume that problem behaviors and emotions are caused by ____.
Cognitive therapists assume that problem behaviors and emotions are caused by ____.
Answer: faulty thought processes and beliefs
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