_______ are chemically or thermally modified toxins that are used for vaccination.
Answer: toxoids
Learn More :
Biology
- The _____________ route is not a portal route of entry of a pathogen per se, but rather a way of circumventing the usual portals.
- The study of the cause of the and where disease occur is known as ___________.
- In 2% of pregnancies, pathogens cross the _______ and infect the embryo or fetus.
- The study of the cause of disease is known as ______________.
- The hepatitis C virus normally establishes a(n) ___________ infection and may be asymptomatic for a decade.
- Spread of pathogens from one host to another by fomites is an example of ______ contact transmission.
- _______ not only transmit pathogens, but also serve as hosts for the multiplication of the pathogen during some phase pf the pathogens life cycle.
- The bacterium that causes cholera is capable of living independently in freshwater. As a consequence, cholera epidemics primarily involve ___________ reservoirs.
- The _________ period is the time between infection and the occurrence of the first symptoms or signs of disease.
- Staphylococcus bacteria are commonly present in the human nasal cavity but rarely cause disease of the upper respiratory system. This situation is an example of ____________.
- _______ is an endotoxin that stimulates the body to release chemicals that cause fever, inflammation, diarrhea, hemorrhaging, shock, and blood coagulation.
- Diseases that are naturally spread from their usual animal hosts to humans are known as ___________.
- ________ interfere with the nerve functions of the host
- Places in the body where there is no normal microbiota are referred to as
- E. Coli in the colon is an example of ______________
- _________ are toxins that affect the lining of the gastrointestinal tract.
- An animal virus that does not have an envelope is described as a(n) ________ virion.
- Three ________ represent the highest level of taxonomic rank used in classifying viruses.
- A(n) __________ is a clear zone on a bacterial lawn where cells have been killed by the activity of a bacteriophage.
- __________, genes that play a role in a proper cell division, may also play a role in some types of cancer.
- In enveloped viruses, virus-encoded ___________ proteins are required for the assembly of the envelope around the capsid.
- RNA viruses such as HIV require the activity of ________ to become proviruses.
- ________ RNA is viral single-stranded RNA that can act directly as mRNA.
- ________ is the process in which viral capsids are removed within the infected cell.
- Another term for a lysogenic phage is a ___________ phage.
If the answers is incorrect or not given, you can answer the above question in the comment box. If the answers is incorrect or not given, you can answer the above question in the comment box.